摘要：針(zhen)對當前(qian)1500V光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的發展趨勢和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)配件市場(chang)需求，廣州金升(sheng)陽(yang)科技(ji)有限公司匠心研制并推(tui)出與之(zhi)相(xiang)匹配的PVxx-29Bxx 系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，可(ke)直接(jie)從1500V高壓端取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)為光(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統的監控電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，簡化光(guang)伏(fu)系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的設計，可(ke)以避免采用市電(dian)(dian)(dian)或蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)而引起的建設、維護成本過高問題，提(ti)升(sheng)光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統綜合效(xiao)益。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)具有的多重保(bao)護功能(neng)(neng)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊或者外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)作(zuo)異常時，進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其負載的安全性能(neng)(neng)。

一、引言

       2015年(nian)(nian)巴黎氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)大會(hui)在《聯(lian)合國(guo)(guo)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化(hua)框架公(gong)約》下(xia)達成(cheng)一(yi)項“具有法律約束力(li)的(de)并適(shi)用于各方的(de)”全球低碳減(jian)排新協議(yi)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步推動光(guang)伏、風電等綠色(se)環保新能(neng)源(yuan)發展和(he)普及。2015年(nian)(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)通過《經濟和(he)社會(hui)發展“十(shi)三五”規(gui)劃(hua)》，其中光(guang)伏發電市場將持(chi)續壯大，初步規(gui)劃(hua)裝機目標將達1.5億千瓦(wa)。有內外政策性、需求的(de)引導(dao)和(he)支持(chi)，以及能(neng)源(yuan)物聯(lian)網(wang)發展，使(shi)得光(guang)伏發電進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步規(gui)模化(hua)、智能(neng)化(hua)，有利于減(jian)低光(guang)伏發電成(cheng)本(ben)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)技術創新和(he)產(chan)業升級。

       全球光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)產業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展目(mu)標都是要和傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力進行競爭，以(yi)提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)低成本、更(geng)高收益的(de)(de)(de)(de)清潔能源(yuan)。當(dang)前主流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統是基于(yu)1000V直流(liu)段電(dian)壓(ya)設計和建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但從系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度來(lai)看(kan)，若有(you)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入、輸出電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級，可以(yi)降低交直流(liu)側(ce)線損及(ji)變壓(ya)器低壓(ya)側(ce)繞組(zu)損耗，電(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統效(xiao)率預(yu)期可以(yi)提(ti)升1.5-2%。GTM的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析報告(gao)《2016-2022年1500V光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統和部件：成本、供(gong)應商與預(yu)期》預(yu)計，在2016年全球對1500V光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求將占9%左右(you)，相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)約4.6GW。因此(ci)，1500V光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統必(bi)將是未來(lai)發展趨勢。

二、光伏發電系統基本結構及組件要求

       在(zai)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中，為了減(jian)少光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)與逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)連線(xian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)組(zu)串形(xing)式構建光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)，再將(jiang)相應數量(liang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)并(bing)聯接入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)箱進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)柜(ju)輸(shu)(shu)出給(gei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)，逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)升(sheng)壓(ya)后并(bing)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，因此(ci)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統包括光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)組(zu)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)箱、直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)柜(ju)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)、升(sheng)壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)分。如圖一所示(shi)：        不(bu)同地(di)域、季節的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照強度(du)不(bu)同，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及早晚陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照射度(du)也不(bu)一樣，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是系(xi)統最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍內存(cun)在(zai)較大波動。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)箱需(xu)監測(ce)每組(zu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、功率(lv)、防雷等(deng)(deng)狀態，并(bing)實現光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)故障報警、定位(wei)和通信(xin)等(deng)(deng)功能。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能交直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉換時(shi)，需(xu)監控(kong)(kong)轉換過程的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)等(deng)(deng)，并(bing)驅動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功率(lv)器(qi)件工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。由于光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣(zhen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高達1kV以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，普通模塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)無法從(cong)高壓(ya)線(xian)路上直接取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，若采用外部(bu)獨立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)給(gei)多個光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)箱和逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)等(deng)(deng)監控(kong)(kong)單元供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則存(cun)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)穩定、系(xi)統布線(xian)問題、單個匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)箱短路故障會導致整(zheng)(zheng)個監控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終止等(deng)(deng)問題。

因此，光(guang)伏發(fa)電系統對模塊(kuai)電源有以下幾點(dian)要求：

       ? 200-1500VDC電壓輸入，輸出12V/15V/24V等常規電壓
       ? 輸入輸出之間可以承受較高的隔離電壓特性
       ? 具備輸入欠壓、防反接等保護，具備輸出過流、短路、過壓等保護功能
       ? 要(yao)滿足不(bu)同(tong)地域的極端(duan)工作溫差要(yao)求

        針(zhen)對光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)高(gao)壓特性(xing)及應(ying)用需求，廣州(zhou)金(jin)升陽科技有限公司特別研發出一(yi)款200-1500VDC電(dian)(dian)壓輸入、4000VAC隔離的(de)模塊電(dian)(dian)源，并結合光(guang)伏系統(tong)各單元(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路安(an)全(quan)隔離特性(xing)，提供一(yi)整套控制單元(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源方案(an)。

三、光伏匯流箱監控單元電源方案

   ;     為(wei)了(le)進一步(bu)提(ti)高系統(tong)的可靠性和(he)實(shi)用性，在光(guang)伏(fu)匯(hui)流箱里配置了(le)光(guang)伏(fu)專用直流防雷模塊、直流熔斷器(qi)和(he)斷路器(qi)，并設(she)置工作(zuo)狀態監測、控制處理、通信等功能電路。

          如圖三所示，由PV系(xi)列模塊電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)直接從高(gao)(gao)壓母線上取電(dian)(dian)轉換輸出24V，再經過非隔離(li)轉換模塊K7805-500R3輸出5VDC電(dian)(dian)壓；B0503XT-2WR2給(gei)MCU提供滿足(zu)功(gong)能隔離(li)耐壓的3.3V工作電(dian)(dian)壓；采用隔離(li)、高(gao)(gao)速的TD501D485H通信模塊，可(ke)抑(yi)制電(dian)(dian)磁干擾(rao)和消除(chu)接地(di)環路,保(bao)護系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)路免受外部網(wang)絡影響；另外，金升(sheng)陽(yang)專門針對逆(ni)變(bian)全(quan)橋的IGBT開發一(yi)款集成有DC-DC電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的隔離(li)驅動(dong)器QP12W08S-37，簡化客戶驅動(dong)控制電(dian)(dian)路的設計，提高(gao)(gao)可(ke)靠性(xing)。

五、PVxx-29Bxx 系列模塊電源的簡介

        PVxx-29Bxx系(xi)列(lie)是(shi)200-1500VDC電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸入、4000VAC隔離耐壓(ya)(ya)、高(gao)可靠(kao)DC-DC開關穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源模塊，可廣(guang)泛應用于光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)和高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)變頻等場合，為負載設備提供穩定的工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，且(qie)其自帶的多重保護功(gong)能可提升模塊電(dian)(dian)源工作異常情況(kuang)下電(dian)(dian)源及其負載的安全性(xing)能。

產品特點：

   ? 超寬壓范圍輸入：200 ~ 1500VDC
   ? 工業級工作溫度：-40℃ ~ +70℃
   ? 4000VAC 高隔離電壓
   ? 高效率、低紋波噪聲
   ? 輸入欠壓保(bao)護(hu)、防(fang)反接保(bao)護(hu)，輸出短路、過(guo)流、過(guo)壓保(bao)護(hu)

   ? 5000m高海拔工作
   ? 符合 EN62109 認證
   ? PCB、接線式(shi)和(he)導軌式(shi)等多(duo)種安裝方式(shi)

        PVxx-29Bxx系列電(dian)源的原理框圖(tu)如圖(tu)五所示(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)反激拓撲結(jie)構，選(xuan)擇成熟可(ke)靠(kao)的PWM型(xing)控(kong)制IC，功率轉換電(dian)路(lu)(lu)進行高(gao)(gao)壓雙管(guan)串聯形式和隔離驅動的設計，高(gao)(gao)壓啟動部分(fen)采用(yong)(yong)金升(sheng)陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)壓啟動專利技術，同時產(chan)品具(ju)有輸入(ru)欠壓、輸出過流、短路(lu)(lu)過壓等(deng)多重保護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)，從而實現(xian)產(chan)品的高(gao)(gao)可(ke)靠(kao)特(te)性。

六、小結

        光伏能源的逐步規模化、普及化，是全球面向未來能源需求的健康合理化發展趨勢。金升陽積極參與能源技術綠色化發展，結合自身技術平臺優勢和自主創新能力，針對光伏發電系統的測試監控單元的特性需求，精心研發新一代1500V高壓光伏專用電源模塊PVxx_29Bxx系列產品，并提供一整套監控單元電源應用方案，簡化光伏發電系統的電路方案，降低光伏系統的建設和維護成本，綜合提升系統的穩定性、安全性、可靠性。